01:- Measurement of land / Units
Aim:- To know how to measure plots
Requirement :- Measuring tape
Procedure:- Take a measurement tape and measure all side with it.
First we have to measure length and breadth of plot. Then can get the result by FORMULA (L x B).
10 mm= 1 cm
2.5 cm = 1 inch
30 cm = 1 feet
12 inch = 30 cm
3.3 feet = 1 meter
1 meter = 100 cm
1 meter = 1000 mm
33 x 33 feet = 1 guntha (1089 Sq feet)
1 guntha = 100 Sq meter
40 guntha = 1 ackar
25 ackar= 100 guntha
Observation:- We should properly measure the plot or the given area.
02:- Animals Weight And Feeds.
Aim :- Determine The Weight Of Animals And Their feeds.
Requirement :-Weight Balance,Rope,etc;
Procedure :- First we took the animals to the weight balance,by taking the measure weight of the animals,are divided them into three groups as the young one's and small cubs.then an their following weight we decided amount of feed to be given to the animals we classified the feed in three state concentrated,dry one and wet one.
Observation :- To calculate the dry matter (Dm) of the total weight is to take 4% of the weight.
37 kg= 1480 gm : . 37 X 4 = 1.48 kg = 1480
100 100
We get First goat weight 13 kg.
Second goat weight 13 kg.
Third goat weight 11 kg.
So the total weight = 37kg.
so concentrated feed = 25 X 1480 (DM)
100
:. Normal feed = 75 X 1480 = 1110 gm
100
:. Normal feed = 1110 gm
Normal feed contains Dry and Wet type of grass
:. Dry grass = 25%
:. Dry grass = 25 X 1110 = 277
100
:. Dry grass = 277 X 2
= 555
:. Dry grass = 555 gm
:. Wet grass = 75% Normal feed
:. Wet grass = 75 X 1110 = 832 gm
100
:. Wet grass = 832 X 5
= 4162
:. Wet grass = 4162 gm
In the second cage:-
We get First goat weight 21 kg.
Second goat weight 21 kg.
So the total weight = 42kg.
42 kg= 1680 gm
: . 42 X 4 = 168 kg = 1680
100 100
so concentrated feed = 25 X 1680 (DM)
100
100
:. Normal feed = 75 X 1680 = 1260 gm
100
:. Normal feed = 1260 gm
Normal feed contains Dry and Wet type of grass
:. Dry grass = 25%
:. Dry grass = 25 X 1260 = 315
100
:. Dry grass = 315 X 2
= 630
:. Dry grass = 630 gm
:. Wet grass = 75% Normal feed
:. Wet grass = 75 X 1260 = 945 gm
100
:. Wet grass = 945 X 5
= 4725
:. Wet grass = 4725 gm
In the third cage:-
We get First goat weight 36 kg.
Second goat weight 28 kg.
So the total weight = 64 kg.
64 kg= 1680 gm
: . 42 X 4 = 256 kg = 2560100 100
so concentrated feed = 25 X 2560 (DM)
100
100
:. Normal feed = 75 X 2560 = 1920 gm
100
:. Normal feed = 1920 gm
Normal feed contains Dry and Wet type of grass
:. Dry grass = 25%
:. Dry grass = 25 X 1920 = 480
100
:. Dry grass = 480 X 2
= 960
:. Dry grass = 960 gm
:. Wet grass = 75% Normal feed
:. Wet grass = 75 X 1920 = 1440 gm
100
:. Wet grass = 1440 X 5
= 7200
:. Wet grass = 7200 gm
Serial. No
|
Total Weight Of cage
|
Types of Feed
| ||||
CONCENTRATED
|
DRY GRASS
|
WET GRASS
| ||||
1.
|
37
|
370
|
555
|
4160
| ||
2.
|
42
|
420
|
630
|
4725
| ||
3.
|
64
|
640
|
960
|
7200
| ||
TOTAL =
|
1430
|
2145
|
16085
| |||
03:- To Find The pH Of Given Samples
Aim:- To determine the pH of given sample.
Requirement:- Sample, beaker, beret, beaker, chemical and indicator etc.
Procedure :- First we added 10 gm of soil in a beaker then we added 25 ml distal water in beaker and kept it for about 5 minutes. Then we started machine to take the reading, first we calibrated the pH by using chemical from bottle no. 1 then placed the pH rod in soil and took the reading of the sample.
Observation :- In pH machine the reading of soil is mostly upto 6.5 - 7.5.
Conclusion :- By this we can check several samples pH
1. Tap water
2. Distal water
3. Soil
4. Lemon etc.
04:- Chemical oxygen demand
Aim :- To take COD of given samples
Requirement:- Test-tube, Pipit, Beaker, Conical flask, Weight machine, Funnel.
Procedure:-First take three test-tube , keep one as blank other two for samples. To take COD of the samples first add stones in the test-tube, then take mercury sulphate about 0.4 gm, then add 40 ml distal water in blank in second and third add 20 ml distal water .
Then add 0.25 N ( potassium dichromate) about 10 ml and S2HO4 about 30 ml in sample as well as in blank. Then give a oil bath for 2 hours about 150 degree celcious, took 500 ml flask added the sample one drop of ferrous solution in flask. We added ammonium sulphate in the beret , then tit-rate till the color of the sample changes and took the reading by the formula.
FORMULA: COD= (blank-sample) X 0.255 X 8000
20
Observation :- Blank = 9.5
Grey water = 17.5 - 9.5= 8
Azolla = 27.1 - 17.5= 9.3
SAMPLES
|
INITIAL
|
READING
|
FINAL
|
BLANK
|
9.5
|
9.5
|
9.5
|
GREY WATER
|
17.5
|
17.5-9.5
|
8
|
AZOLLA
|
27.1
|
27.1-17.5
|
9.3
|
05:- To take OC ( ORGANIC CARBON)
Aim :- To take OC (organic carbon) of the samples
Requirement :- Beakers, Test-tube, Funnel, Filter paper.
Procedure:- Take samples of soil , then winnowed about 1 gm soil in each beaker. Then added chemical A and B about 10 ml each in every beaker. Then shake the solution for about 5 minutes and filtered the solution by filter paper and put it in the glass test-tube. And took the reading of the samples.
Observation :- As the OC level in the soil is less the colour of the solution is faint yellowish.
As the OC level in the soil is medium the colour of the solution is medium yellowish andreddish.
As the OC level in the soil is high the colour of the solution is dark brown +reddish.
Conclusion :- We can easily check OC without usage of machine. And can quickly get the result of the samples.
RESULT OF THE GIVEN SAMPLE
Serial no
|
Village Name
|
Sample No
|
Result
|
Level
|
1
|
kendur
|
148
|
low
|
0.5
|
2
|
kendur
|
96
|
high
|
1.0
|
3
|
kendur
|
65
|
high
|
1.0
|
4
|
kendur
|
78
|
high
|
1.0
|
5
|
kendur
|
43
|
low
|
0.5
|
06:- To prepare soil for Farming
Aim:- To prepare soil for farming. Information about soil.
- What is soil? :- It is a minute part of stones that are been formed by the multiple changes in climate like rain, sunlight, air etc.
- Contains in soil:- Soil is mixture of about 25% oxygen 25% water and OC (organic carbon) about 5% , minute particles of stones and etc about 45%.
- Growth of Bacteria in soil:- The growth of bacteria starts as they get the OC (organic carbon) it means the waste of animal or their decomposition of plants etc. Due to this bacteria eats the decomposition waste and they grow.
- Importance of soil:- Soil gives support to the plants and it contains the minerals and that are required to the growth of plants. It is also the home of bacteria they also help plants to grow.
- Soil according to fertility:-
- ALLUVIAL SOIL
- RED SOIL
- BLACK SOIL
- SANDY SOIL
- JAN-BI SOIL
- ROCKY SOIL
ROCKY SOIL
ALLUVIAL SOIL
SANDY SOIL
PARTICLE SIZE OF SOIL :-
Serial No.
|
Types of soil
|
Particle size of soil
|
1.
2.
3.
4.
|
Cikana Soil
Alluvial Soil
Sandy Soil
Rocky Soil
|
0.0002 mm
0.022 - 0.05 mm
2 mm
2 mm or more then it
|
07:- Seed processing
Aim:- To process seed for good production.
Requirement:- Mug, Trichoderma, Seeds, Jaggery, Hand gloves etc.
Procedure:- Take the seeds in a bowl. Make a liquid of jaggery and water. Then sprinkle the liquid on the seeds. After that spread fungi-side on the seeds and mix them properly as each seed shoulg get the coating of the fungi-side on it. And place them in a shadow for some time.
Benefits :- We get about 100% germination
Due to good growth in seeds , more production
Decrease in loss of production
Types of Seed Treatment:-
- keep them in hot water.
- keep in cold water.
- By applying fertilizer on seeds.
- By dipping roots of plant in fertilizers.
Types of Sowing :-
- Pointing method
- By use of machine
- By spreading them
Important:- information / precautions while working.
- Before sowing check the plot. Measure the place / plot.
- Do soil testing of the place/ plot.
- Weight the seeds and fertilizers.
- Take more information about procedure on internet.
- Add link/ website you watched as a guide link.
FERTILIZERS FOR SOME SEED TREATMENT
Serial No.
|
Seed Name
|
Type of Treatment
|
1.
2.
3.
|
Corn
Sugarcane
Onion
|
Thyrom Acid
Jabralic Acid
Ethrial Acid
|
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